Stiochiometry: Quantitative Chemistry

Todays class we learned that Stiochiometry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative analysis of chemical reactions.
- It is a generalization of mole conversions to chemical reactions
- Understanding the 6 types of chemical reactions is the foundation of stiochiometry.

6 Types of Reactions:
1) Synthesis: A + B ---> AB / Usually elements ---> compounds
ex. 2Al + 3F2 ---> 2AlF3
4K + O2 ---> 4K2O

2) Decomposition: AB ---> A + B (The reverse of Synthesis)
* Always assume the compounds decompose into elements during decomposition
ex. 4H3PO4 ---> 6H2 + 1P4 + 8O2
Mn(C2O4)2 ---> Mn + 4C + 4O2

3) Single Replacement: A + AB ---> B + AC
ex. Ca + 2KCl ---> 2K + CaCl2
3Mg + 2Al(NO3)3 ---> 2Al + 3Mg(NO3)3

4) Double Replacement: AB + CD ---> AD + BC
ex. MgCl2 + K2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + 2KCl
Mn(ClO4)4) + 2CaCO3 ---> Mn(CO3)2 + 2Ca(ClO4)2

5) Neutralization: Reaction between Acid + Base
ex. H2SO4 + 2KOH ---> 2HOH + K2SO4
3Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 ---> 6HOH + Ca3(PO4)2

6) Combustion: Reactions w/something (usually hydrogen) with air.
* Hydrocarbon combustion always produces CO2 & H2O
ex. CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O
C8H18 + 25/2 O2 ---> 8CO2 + 9H2O